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Anxiety Treatments Medication If you suffer with anxiety or panic attacks it is essential to seek professional help. Treatment options include lifestyle changes like decreasing stress and engaging in regular exercise. Your doctor may also suggest psychological therapy. FDA approved several medications to treat anxiety disorders. These include SSRIs and SNRIs that affect the neurotransmitter serotonin. Anticonvulsants like pregabalin can also reduce anxiety by altering the GABA receptor. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines help to calm the nervous system by acting on it. They work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter named Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA inhibits nerve activity in the brain and spinal cord, and aids in reducing anxiety. Benzodiazepines can relieve anxiety symptoms in a matter of minutes unlike antidepressants, which can take weeks to begin working. These are highly-risk medications for abuse and dependency. This is due to the fact that the body adapts to benzodiazepines by regular use which can lead to physical dependency. The use of benzodiazepines is a successful treatment if other methods aren't working or are not available. Although benzodiazepines are an effective treatment for anxiety, it is crucial to speak with your doctor before using these medications. They will be able help you identify the root of your anxiety and suggest other options that may be more appropriate. Therapies that involve talking, such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as well as exposure therapy, and more can help you address the root causes of anxiety. They can also teach you coping techniques. Benzodiazepines do not usually come first in the treatment of anxiety disorders since they can cause dangerous effects when combined with other drugs or alcohol. They are also addictive, and carry a high chance of overdose. The first benzodiazepines – chlordiazepoxide (Librium, Limbitrol), were introduced in 1950, and were followed by diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan). All of these drugs come with an in-box warning stating that they can cause life-threatening or serious side effects, such as severe sleepiness and breathing issues. SSRIs SSRIs are a group of antidepressant drugs that are typically the first choice of people who suffer from anxiety. These drugs boost the levels of certain chemical messengers, including serotonin (and norepinephrine) in the brain. They also help regulate other important chemicals, such as those that regulate mood and sleep, and reduce the levels of stress hormones in your body. The most commonly prescribed SSRI for anxiety is fluoxetine, better known under the brand name Prozac. Other SSRIs include Lexapro, Zoloft, and Paxil as well as SNRIs such as Effexor XR, Cymbalta, and Pristiq. While experts aren't sure exactly how SSRIs can help treat anxiety, they do know that these meds enhance the way your brain functions. Iam Psychiatry boost glial cell function (these are the brain cells that nourish, support nourish, insulate, and protect your neurons), increase BDNF levels (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and increase levels of serotonin itself. The exact mechanism of action isn't understood fully, but it may involve a combination of factors. Like other types of medications, SSRIs can take 1 month to kick in, and they require regular treatment to maintain the benefits. They can cause side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea. They can also lead to low sodium levels in certain people, and they can affect libido for certain men. Your physician will decide the amount of time you should use them, based on your condition and other treatments you're taking. They might suggest that you continue taking the medication for six to 12 months or work with your to reduce or stop taking the medication. They may also suggest alternative treatments, including psychotherapy or herbs and supplements that treat anxiety-related symptoms, such as Vistaril for itching, or the chamomile herb for sleep. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers (also known as beta-adrenergic blockers) prevent adrenaline from binding with your heart's receptors. This relaxes your heart and decreases your blood pressure. They are prescribed to treat anxiety, and are an alternative to traditional psychiatric drugs that have adverse effects. Beta-blockers may help reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the mental stress-related causes. They are usually used to deal with specific situations that can trigger anxiety, such as public speaking or flying. They can be utilized in conjunction together with therapy to treat anxiety disorders or as a long-term, daily treatment. Beta blockers can cause a variety of side effects due to their method of working, including hypotension, bradycardia and a variety of other conditions. You may also feel shaky or sweaty. Certain people suffering from COPD (chronic obstruction of the lungs) or diabetes shouldn't take them. Beta blockers are extensively studied and used despite the negative side effects. They have been on the market for a long time and are considered safe for most adults. They are also fairly inexpensive and accessible compared to other drugs. For many people taking them, the risk of adverse effects is worth the trade-off for their effectiveness. Taking beta-blockers as part of an treatment for anxiety is a good option for those with moderate to mild anxiety. They can be more effective than benzodiazepines, which are more suitable for people suffering from life-threatening or severe anxiety disorders. They won't fix your underlying issue and are best used for short-term anxiety such as prior to an important event such as an airplane flight or a speech. They can help you sleep better, and they can also regulate your blood sugar. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) inhibit the enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters. They block the breakdown of serotonin Melatonin, epinephrine, as well as norepinephrine within neurons and increase their capacity for transmission. They are best known as effective antidepressants and possess some efficacy in anxiety disorders. They can be used as a single drug or in combination. They are also used to treat Parkinson's disease and certain other conditions. Eugenol is an essential oil found in bud, leaf, and stem of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and in the bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum). Eugenol has been proven to inhibit MAOI in a test tube, and could interact with these medications. MAOIs can have severe adverse effects, which is why they are not the primary medicines that doctors recommend for depression or anxiety. They are usually reserved for patients who have not been able to respond to other medications. They are also used to treat a variety of conditions, such as the fibromyalgia and Parkinson's diseases. They can cause low pressure when you rise from a seated or lying position. This is known as orthostatic hypertension. MAOIs are used extensively to treat panic disorder as well as atypical depression and tranylcypromine. Phenelzine is used for the treatment of atypical depression and panic disorder. It has a few studies on panic disorder. These drugs aren't as potent as SSRIs however they can be beneficial in treating certain types of anxiety and depression. The more recent reversible MAOIs that are reversible, such as selegiline and moclobemide, are less harmful than the irreversible MAOIs of the past. They are more effective in increasing the levels of monoamines involved in depression disorders than older MAOIs. They are less likely than older MAOIs in causing high blood pressure, but still carry a risk of developing a pharmacological dependence. Buspirone Combining therapy with medication is the most effective way to combat anxiety. The use of medication can alleviate symptoms however they should be used only under the supervision of a physician. There are a variety of medications that can be used to treat anxiety. They may be different for each person. Talk to your doctor about your anxiety and he will prescribe the right medication for you. Buspirone is an FDA-approved medication, works by regulating neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. This helps reduce anxiety and mood symptoms, but it doesn't cause sedation or hinder cognitive function. It's also less likely to be more habit-forming than other sedatives such as benzodiazepines. This makes it a good option for those who wish to reduce their anxiety but don't wish to use drugs such as Xanax. SSRIs or SNRIs are usually the first choice for treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. They are antidepressants that boost a person's serotonin levels and can help regulate mood. These are often prescribed along with anxiety medication like benzodiazepines. However, they are usually not recommended for long durations because they are prone to becoming addicting and have adverse effects such as drowsiness. Psychological treatments for GAD such as medication have shown to be effective in the short-term and can improve the outcome over time. These include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, as well as creative or artistic therapies. Psychological therapy can help people learn techniques to better control their anxiety and depression, which can help them manage symptoms and live a full life. In addition that many of these treatments are available online and may be covered by insurance. Brightside for instance, is an online therapy program that provides CBT, as well as other treatments for depression and anxiety.